20. Headless Browser Automation

Headless browser automation refers to running a web browser in an environment without a graphical user interface (GUI). This allows the browser to operate in the background, making it faster and more resource-efficient for tasks like automated testing or web scraping. In Selenium, headless mode enables WebDriver to interact with web pages just like it would in a normal browser, but without rendering the UI.

Headless browser testing is particularly useful in continuous integration (CI) pipelines or when executing tests on servers without a display.

Common Headless Browsers in Selenium

1. Chrome Headless
   • Chrome can be run in headless mode by configuring the ChromeOptions to disable the graphical interface.
2. Firefox Headless
   • Firefox also supports headless mode, which can be activated using FirefoxOptions.